Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Diagnosis
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a brain injury caused when the brain doesn’t receive enough oxygen and blood for a prolonged period of time. HIE is a leading cause of newborn death and long-term disability and occurs in in roughly 1 to 6 of every 1,000 live births. This means that thousands of babies are born experiencing HIE every year. While some children will suffer from mild or no side effects, others may have much more severe and permanent disabilities. Developmental delays, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, or cognitive impairment are all potential side effects of HIE. The severity of the damage is usually determined by the length of time the brain was deprived of oxygen and blood.
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Causes of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
There are many causes of HIE that could occur before, during, and after birth. Issues with maternal health may lead to HIE during pregnancy. Maternal diabetes, preeclampsia, and problems with placental blood circulation could all lead to HIE. During labor and delivery, complications like a ruptured placenta or uterus, umbilical cord issues, improper fetal heart monitoring, or a prolonged labor may also contribute to causing HIE. Postpartum, premature babies are the most at-risk for suffering from HIE. Brain or skull trauma during delivery, infection, or cardiac arrest can all lead to HIE after birth.
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Symptoms of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Symptoms of HIE often depend on the severity and extent of the brain injury. The area of the brain affected by HIE will also contribute to symptoms. Babies born with HIE might exhibit the following:
- Limp and unreactive to sights and sounds
- Abnormal movements or seizures
- Feeding problems due to weak muscles in mouth and throat
- Weak cry
- Signs of organ dysfunction, especially the heart, lungs, kidney, and liver
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